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1.
Serv. soc. soc ; (141): 303-321, maio-ago. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252235

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Este artigo traz reflexões a respeito da deficiência como uma das expressões da questão social, de forma a considerar que as desvantagens sociais são geradas como consequência das noções de quais são os corpos produtivos e úteis à produção capitalista. Refletiu-se sobre como o processo da contradição das Políticas Sociais garante direitos sociais, permite a reprodução desse sistema e cria o sujeito ideal beneficiário.


Abstract: This article brings reflections on disability as one of the expressions of the social issue, in order to consider that social disadvantages are generated as a consequence of the notions of which are the productive and useful bodies of capitalist production. It reflected on how the process of contradiction of Social Policies guarantees social rights, allows the reproduction of this system and creates the ideal beneficiary subject.

2.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 19(2): 447-458, Apr.-June 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013137

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate prenatal care in Primary Care by identifying the aspects that influence structural and operational adequacy. Methods: evaluation research with analysis of 4,059 municipalities that joined the 2nd cycle of the Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care in 2013-2014. The evaluative model composed of 19 indicators grouped in structural aspects and operational aspects dimensions was validated in a consensus conference. Data analysis was descriptive, with the issuance of value judgment. Results: in structural aspects, 32.6% of the municipalities presented adequacy, whilst in operational ones, only 24.1%. In the general prenatal evaluation, less than a quarter (24.6%) of the municipalities was adequate, those with up to 10 thousand inhabitants had a higher percentage of adequacy (41.6%). The South region presented adequacy of 33.8%, considering all sizes. Conclusions: most municipalities presented low adequacy in prenatal care, with better performance of structural aspects. Smaller municipalities presented better results in all analyzed items. Structural aspects and general evaluation of prenatal care are highlighted in the South region. Adequate attention to prenatal care needs to be comprehensive and equitable, with the strengthening of regional networks geared towards social inclusion.


Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a atenção ao pré-natal na Atenção Básica identificando os aspectos que influenciam a adequação estrutural e operacional. Métodos: pesquisa avaliativa com análise de 4.059 municípios que aderiram ao 2° ciclo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica em 2013-2014. O modelo avaliativo composto por 19 indicadores agrupados nas dimensões aspectos estruturais e aspectos operacionais foi validado em conferência de consenso. A análise de dados foi descritiva, com emissão de juízo de valor. Resultados: nos aspectos estruturais 32,6% dos municípios apresentaram adequação e nos operacionais, apenas 24,1%. Na avaliação geral do pré-natal menos de um quarto (24,6%) dos municípios ficaram adequados, àqueles com até 10 mil habitantes apresentaram maior percentual de adequação (41,6%). A região Sul apresentou adequação de 33,8%, considerando todos os portes. Conclusões: a maior parte dos municípios apresentou baixa adequação na atenção ao pré-natal, com melhor desempenho dos aspectos estruturais. Municípios de menor porte apresentaram melhores resultados em todos os itens analisados. Destaque para a região Sul nos aspectos estruturais e na avaliação geral do pré-natal. Uma adequada atenção ao pré-natal precisa ser integral e equânime, com fortalecimento das redes regionais voltadas para a inclusão social.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Prenatal Care , Primary Health Care , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Health Evaluation , Municipal Management , Quality of Health Care , Brazil , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Health Education , Women's Health , Maternal-Child Health Services
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 49(6): 741-745, Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829660

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of leprosy reactions, a common event during treatment, may be mostly related to the action of multidrug therapy on Mycobacterium leprae. The clinical and laboratory monitoring of patients with reactions is important, since collecting data that assists in predicting the risk of reactions may help to prevent disability. METHODS: This was a sectional study, in order to correlate clinical and laboratory diagnosis with the number of reactions during treatment. Spearman's correlation was used to verify the degree of association between the assessed variables. RESULTS: This study was conducted with 211 patients with leprosy reactions during treatment of M. leprae. The borderline tuberculoid group was the most prevalent clinical form (74/211; 35.1%) and the type one reaction showed the highest frequency (136/211; 64.5%). It was observed that 73.5% (155/211) of reactions occurred within 3 months of the initiation of multidrug therapy. The diagnostic values, including the bacterial indices (BIs) of dermal smears (r = 0.21, p < 0.05) and skin biopsies (r = 0.20; p < 0.05), showed a positive correlation with the number of reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This research showed a positive correlation between bacillary load markers and the number of leprosy reactions. This study provided scientific support to future research aiming to elucidate the influence of antigenic load on the number of leprosy reactions during treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Leprostatic Agents/administration & dosage , Leprosy/drug therapy , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Mycobacterium leprae/drug effects , Antigens, Bacterial/blood , Time Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Drug Therapy, Combination , Leprostatic Agents/adverse effects , Leprosy/microbiology , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 108(7): 901-908, 1jan. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-696016

ABSTRACT

This cross-sectional retrospective study evaluated 440 leprosy patients; 57% (251/440) had leprosy reactions during and/or after multidrug therapy, 80.5% (202/251) of whom presented with multibacillary leprosy. At diagnosis, positive bacterial index (BI) [odds ratio (OR) = 6.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.1-10.1)] or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (OR = 9.15; 95% CI: 5.4-15.5) in skin smears, anti-phenolic glycolipid-1 (anti-PGL-1) ELISA (OR = 4.77; 95% CI: 2.9-7.9), leucocytosis (OR = 9.97; 95% CI: 3.9-25.7), thrombocytopenia (OR = 5.72; 95% CI: 2.3-14.0) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.4-4.0) were potential markers for the development of reactions during treatment. After treatment, positive BI (OR = 8.47; 95% CI: 4.7-15.3) and PCR (OR = 6.46; 95% CI: 3.4-12.3) in skin smears, anti-PGL-1 ELISA (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.3-3.9), anaemia (OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.2-4.5), leucocytosis (OR = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.5-11.6) and thrombocytopenia (OR = 3.70; 95% CI: 1.3-2.2) were risk factors for the occurrence of reactions during the study period. The identification of groups with an increased risk for developing reactions will allow for the timely development of a treatment plan to prevent nerve damage and, therefore, the appearance of the disabling sequelae associated with the stigma of leprosy.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Leprostatic Agents/therapeutic use , Leprosy/drug therapy , Mycobacterium leprae/immunology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Therapy, Combination , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Leprostatic Agents/adverse effects , Leprosy/immunology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
5.
Hansen. int ; 37(1): 25-35, 2012. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-ILSLPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, SES-SP | ID: biblio-868994

ABSTRACT

A classificação de incapacidades nos graus 0, 1 e 2 nos pacientes com hanseníase é usada como indicador da qualidade dos métodos preventivos e curativos da doença,entretanto, algumas deficiências e incapacidades não estão contempladas nesse sistema. Esta pesquisa realizou um levantamento de incapacidades decorrentes da hanseníase em um Centro de Referência Nacional do Brasil, por meio de estudo retrospectivo, com análise de prontuários de 318 pacientes atendidos no período de 2003 a 2008 e software específico. Houve predomínio de casos multibacilares (63%), de formas clínicas dimorfas-tuberculóides (41,5%) e do sexo masculino(58,5%). Os nervos mais acometidos foram ulnar (22,3%), tibial (21,7%) e fibular (20,7%). Dos casos analisados, 41,5% apresentavam algum tipo de deficiência, sendo 81,1% multibacilar. Os sítios mais acometidos foram os pés (51,8%), seguidos pelas mãos (29%), olhos (10,9%) e nariz (8,3%). As deficiências mais comuns foram artelhos em martelo (2,8%) e lesões tróficas (2,5%) no pé; garra móvel (3,1%) e lesões tróficas (2,8%) na mão; madarose superciliar (2,8%) e perfuração do septo nasal (1,2%). Na alta houve diminuição do número pacientes com deficiências por sítio, exceto oculares, com aumento de 2,5%.Os resultados enfatizam a necessidade de promover assistência detalhada no atendimento realizado no SUS e de adequar os parâmetros utilizados no estadiamento dos pacientes, que atualmente omite alterações funcionais e estéticas dos sítios orgânicos representativas de obstáculos à integração social. A reprodução desse tipo de estudo fornecerá subsídios para que a gestão do SUS desenvolva estratégias que tratem a hanseníase como doença crônica e incapacitante.


The classification of disabilities in grades 0, 1 and 2 in patients with leprosy is used as an indicator of the quality of preventive and curative methods of the disease, however, some deficiencies and disabilities are not included in this system. This research conducted a survey of disability due to leprosy in a National Reference Center of Brazil, through a retrospective study with analysis of records of 318 patients treated between 2003 to 2008 and specific software. There was a predominance of multibacillary cases (63%), clinical forms of borderline tuberculoid (41.5%) and male (58.5%). The most affected nerves were ulnar (22.3%), tibial (21.7%) and fibular (20.7%). Of these cases, 41.5% had sometype of disability, with 81.1% multibacillary. The most affected sites were the feet (51.8%), followed by hands (29%), eyes (10.9%) and nose (8.3%). The most common deficiencies were clawed toes (2.8%) and trophic lesions (2.5%) in thefoot, mobile claw (3.1%) and trophic lesions (2.8%) in thehand; eyebrow madarosis (2 8%) and nasal septum perforation(1.2%). The number of disabilities decreased atdischarge, except at the eye, which increased 2.5%. The results emphasize the need to promote comprehensive care in the NHS and to adjust the parameters used in the staging of patients, that currently omit functional and aesthetic lesions, which represent organic obstacles to social integration. Reproduction of this type of study will provide data for the NHS management to develop strategies in order to deal with leprosy as a chronicand disabling disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Leprosy/complications , Leprosy/epidemiology , Leprosy/rehabilitation , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Patients , Disabled Persons/rehabilitation , Unified Health System
6.
Periodontia ; 19(4): 82-88, 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-576719

ABSTRACT

O tratamento da maxila atrófica é um dos maiores desafios para a Implantodontia, pois além de restabelecer a função mastigatória, deve restaurar a forma da face. O osso da crista ilíaca é uma área doadora extrabucal amplamente utilizada para enxertos e reconstruções de maxilas severamente atróficas, por fornecer grande quantidade de osso medular e cortical, e possibilita a colocação de implantes em posição e comprimento ideais, com alta previsibilidade e bem-sucedida em longo prazo, além de recuperar o suporte labial. Hoje em dia o uso do implante zigomático desenvolvido por Brånemark na década de 1990 juntamente com a utilização da carga imediata em reabilitações maxilo-mandibulares implantosuportadas aceleram o restabelecimento da função mastigatória do além de despontar como uma nova perspectiva aos pacientes com atrofia maxilar severa. Em um esforço para promover um procedimento livre de enxertos e oferecer uma solução que permita a carga imediata e simplificação do protocolo original, vário autores pesquisaram novas técnicas para sua instalação e alterações no design para aperfeiçoar os resultados estéticos e funcionais. O presente trabalho relata dois casos clínicos, sendo um demonstrando a realização de uma reabilitação total de maxila com implantes zigomáticos associados a convencionais e outro demonstrando a reconstrução de maxila com enxerto de ilíaco.


The treatment of atrophic maxilla is one of the biggest challenges for dental implants, as well as restore the masticatory function should restore the shape of the face. The bone from the iliac crest donor site is a headgear widely used for grafts and reconstruction of severely atrophic jaws by providing large amounts of cortical and cancellous bone, and allows the placement of implants in ideal position and length, with high predictability and successful long term, and recover the support lip. Nowadays the use of the zygomatic implant developed by Branemark in the 1990s with the use of immediate loading in Rehabilitation maxillo-mandibular implant supported accelerate the restoration of masticatory function of the patient also emerge as a new approach to patients with severe maxillary atrophy. In an effort to promote a free graft procedure and offer a solution to the immediate load and simplification of the original protocol, various authors have investigated new techniques for their installation and design changes to improve the aesthetic and functional results. This paper describes two cases, one showing the performance of a complete rehabilitation of the maxillary with zygomatic implants associated with conventional and other demonstrating the reconstruction of maxilla with iliac graft.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Dental Implants , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Zygoma , Zygoma/surgery
7.
Rev. bras. odontol ; 62(3/4): 159-160, 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-541731

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar clinicamente a coluna cervical de odontologistas que exercem a profissão há mais de oito anos e comparar com graduados de Odontologia e pessoas da mesma faixa etária que realizam atividades laborais dinâmicas. Foram avaliados 40 indivíduos, divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com a idade e o tempo de trabalho, através de uma avaliação postural de tronco superior e coluna cervical. Após análise dos dados, observou-se que a manutenção em posicionamento estático da coluna cervical. exigida pela atividade, gera alterações em aumento da curvatura, divergente ao padrão encontrado nos outros grupos estudados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Cumulative Trauma Disorders , Spine/physiopathology , Dentists , Ergometry , Incidence , Posture/physiology
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